The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) released new guidelines in March 2026 for the safe storage and handling of waste solar photovoltaic modules, panels, and cells. These guidelines have been issued under the E-Waste (Management) Rules, 2022, to ensure that the growing volume of solar waste is managed in a way that protects public health and the environment. As solar energy installations increase rapidly across India, authorities are also focusing on how to manage solar panels once they reach the end of their operational life.

Solar panels are considered a key part of the clean energy transition, but their disposal presents environmental challenges. Panels contain valuable recyclable materials such as glass and aluminum, but they can also include toxic elements like lead, cadmium, and arsenic. If these materials are not handled properly, they may contaminate soil and water sources. The new guidelines aim to address these risks by setting clear procedures for the handling, storage, and transportation of solar waste.

Under the new framework, waste solar panels, modules, and cells are categorized as CEEW 14. Although there are currently no mandatory recycling targets specifically assigned to this category, producers, manufacturers, and recyclers are required to follow strict compliance measures. These include registering with authorities, submitting annual returns, and maintaining records related to the storage and management of solar waste. The rules also require that waste solar modules be stored safely through the year 2034–35 to ensure proper oversight as recycling systems develop.

The guidelines clearly state that solar waste must never be dumped in open areas or disposed of in landfills. Dumping such materials could result in the leaching of hazardous chemicals into the soil and groundwater. Instead, waste intended for recycling must be handed over only to registered recycling facilities. Producers and manufacturers are also responsible for creating collection mechanisms, including take-back programs. They must provide consumers with clear information about where used panels can be returned and whom to contact for proper disposal.

Transportation of solar waste is also regulated under the new guidelines. The CPCB requires that waste panels be transported using covered trucks to prevent damage and environmental exposure during transit. Once the waste reaches a storage facility, strict conditions must be followed to avoid breakage and contamination.

According to the guidelines, solar waste must be stored in well-ventilated, dry, and covered sheds. The flooring of storage areas must be non-leachable and impervious to prevent the seepage of hazardous materials into the ground. Panels that are already damaged or broken must be stored separately in rigid, water-resistant containers that are clearly labeled to prevent accidental exposure.

Worker safety and operational accountability are also emphasized. Facilities handling solar waste must install fire protection systems, maintain emergency response plans, and provide proper personal protective equipment such as respirators and safety footwear to workers. Regular monitoring is required to ensure compliance. Storage facilities must conduct monthly inspections, recording details in a specific format listed in Annexure-I. These inspections include checking inventory levels, assessing the condition of storage floors, and verifying that safety equipment is functioning properly.

All records must be maintained carefully and made available for inspection by the CPCB or State Pollution Control Boards whenever required. Through these measures, authorities aim to ensure that the rapid growth of solar energy in India is supported by responsible waste management practices that keep the sector aligned with its broader environmental goals.

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